Trade facilitation is defined as the simplification and harmonization of international trade procedures, referring to activities, practices, and formalities involved in collecting, presenting, communicating, and processing data required for the movement of goods in international trade.4 The need...

The Philippines is among the youngest countries in the world. It will be the youngest ASEAN economy by 2050, and if one considers only those countries with populations over 100 million, globally, the Philippines will be in the top 10. Due to their economic and political role, the youth will be...

At the Philippine Bureau of Customs, given the present high risk of systematic undervaluation, improving the accuracy and precision of import valuation will most likely contribute to increased government revenues. More importantly, this can also help shore up importers' support for present...

This study presents a comprehensive process evaluation of the Department of Education's Alternative Learning System (ALS) in the Philippines, examining its effectiveness in providing second-chance education opportunities for out-of-school youth and adults (OSYAs). While the ALS plays a vital...

This paper presents metrics to estimate the size of political dynasties in the 15th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines and analyze the relationship between political dynasty and socio-economic outcomes. Results show that political dynasties comprise 70 percent of jurisdiction-based...

Since 2006, the World Bank has been ranking almost 200 countries in terms of their ease of doing business (EoDB) to underscore the importance of a thriving private sector in promoting high and inclusive growth. Comparing these metrics for business friendliness among economic partners is more...

Since the adoption of the Performance Based Bonus (PBB) scheme in 2012, its effectiveness-particularly its impact on agencies' reform efforts and on public sector employees' motivation and productivity-have not yet been examined. The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) deems it critical to...

In 2012, the government established a Performance-Based Bonus (PBB) scheme to reward performance, align individual personnel and team-level efforts with agency-wide targets, and improve public service delivery in the Executive Department. The Department of Budget and Management, together with...