What can we learn about applied price theory from the Bourgeois Era? In this paper, we contend there are three important lessons that can be extracted from McCloskey's work on the Great Enrichment. First, transaction costs are not constraints, but objects of choice. Second, property rights are...

Karl Marx perhaps the most astute student of economic doctrine, once made the famous and apposite observation that in substantial passages of "The Wealth of Nations" Adam Smith "was very copiously infected with the conceptions of the Physiocrats." In parallel fashion this paper agues that in...

Elias Khalil's "Information, Knowledge and the Close of Friedrich Hayek's System," argues that an internal contradiction exists within Hayek's political economy relating to his use of information and knowledge. As a result, Khalil argues that neither Hayek's critique of planning nor his defense...