The theoretical and practical advantages of the VAT have led to its adoption in some form or another by most countries and by many hundreds of subnational administrations worldwide. However, nowhere is VAT found without exemptions. Exemptions are arguably the most controversial feature of VAT...

The service provided by financial institutions such as banks is described as an "intermediary service", linking depositors with money to lend and borrowers seeking loan funds. Banks collect a fee for these services through the spread on interest they pay to depositors and charge to borrowers. At...

The proliferation of exempt supplies in VAT systems, particularly the traditional European VAT, undermines the integrity of the tax in many respects. Exempt supplies bear a tax burden equal to the input tax imposed along the supply chain up to the exempt supply. This leads to overtaxation of...

While primary attention on the effect of international agreements on the allocation of taxing rights is on bilateral double tax conventions, a host of non-tax treaties also contain taxation measures. These include both multilateral and bilateral agreements, a large number of which are associated...

Time and again, the same arguments are raised in the never-ending debate over the relative merits of consumption taxation and income tax. This paper discusses the 10 most important arguments made in favour of and against greater reliance on consumption tax in Australia including assertions that...

VAT is an important revenue source for all governments levying the tax. The collections fund important public goods and services that enhance the lives of those persons whose consumption triggers the tax and who ultimately bear the burden of the tax. Along the supply chain to that final...

Migrant female domestic workers are subject to an overarching system of isolation, subordination, and exploitation due to the intersection of their gender, low education, and foreign-migrant status. This is a study of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers and their actual experiences in the...

The evolution of capital gains taxation in Australia parallels that in Canada in many respects. Federal income taxes were adopted in both countries during the First World War, and in both jurisdictions the courts interpreted the term "income," the subject of taxation, using United Kingdom...

Prior to 2012, the Chinese VAT applied primarily to supplies of goods, with supplies of services, including financial services, subject to a turnover tax known as the Business Tax. The value of financial services in respect of a loan was interpreted as the gross interest payable on the loan. As...

While income splitting for tax purposes is not generally allowed in the Canadian income tax system, the tax law does allow persons making support payments to transfer liability for tax on the payments to the recipient of the payments. The Canadian rule was copied from U.S. precedent even though...