The current study has tried to explore the types of services provided by Pakistan. A total of 1,089 bank customers affiliated with eight major banks across four major cities were interviewed through specified questionnaire. The gender wise distribution is 87% males and 13% female of the...

In this paper, we propose a new non-parametric density estimator derived from the theory of frames and Riesz bases. In particular, we propose the so-called bi-orthogonal density estimator based on the class of B-splines, and derive its theoretical properties including the asymptotically optimal...

We consider a general framework of optimal contract design under the heterogeneity and short-termism of agents. Our research shows that the optimal contract must weigh the agent's information rent, incentive cost, and benefit to overcome the contract's adverse selection and moral hazards. Agents...

In this paper, we propose a general approximation framework for the valuation of (path-dependent) options under time-changed Markov processes. The underlying background process is assumed to be a general Markov process, and we consider the case when the stochastic time change is constructed from...

Leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETF) are newly introduced ETFs that have become increasingly popular. It closely tracks the value of an underlying index while allowing for additional leverage. In this paper, we consider the valuation of options written on leveraged exchange-traded funds under...

This paper presents a new approach to perform a nearly unbiased simulation using inversion of the characteristic function. As an application we are able to give unbiased estimates of the price of forward starting options in the Heston model and of continuously monitored Parisian options in the...

Lions and Musiela (2007) give sufficient conditions to verify when a stochastic exponential of a continuous local martingale is a martingale or a uniformly integrable martingale. Blei and Engelbert (2009) and Mijatovi c and Urusov (2012c) give necessary and sufficient conditions in the case of...

We study the fair strike of a discrete variance swap for a general time-homogeneous stochastic volatility model. In the special cases of Heston, Hull-White and Schoebel-Zhu stochastic volatility models we give simple explicit expressions (improving Broadie and Jain (2008a) in the case of the...

We clarify the relations among different Fourier-based approaches to option pricing, and improve the B-spline probability density projection method using the sinh-acceleration technique. This allows us to efficiently separate the control of different sources of errors better than the FFT-based...