This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs, examines - against a historical backdrop - the legal provisions governing Enhanced Cooperation as well as the so far...

Ever since the inception of the United Nations climate regime in the early 1990s, the European Union has aspired to play a leading part in the global combat against climate change. Based on an analysis of how the Union has developed its foreign climate policy to fulfil this role over the past...

2013 has been designated the 'European Year of Citizens'. It marks the 20th anniversary of the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, which first introduced European Union citizenship. In the midst of a major socioeconomic crisis, accompanied by solid trends of declining support for the...

European Union (EU) state aid policy has an oft-overlooked external dimension that is most clearly witnessed in the linkage with external trade relations. This paper seeks to illuminate the issues and potential problems raised by this state aid-trade linkage. If EU state aid creates barriers to...