Licensing executives are at the cutting edge of product commercialization when that commercialization requires the use of external technology. LES members lead the way as the firm replaces the “not invented here” syndrome with the “invented anywhere” approach. There are various terms...

This study analyzes the effects of inbound and outbound open innovation, along with organizational strategy and corporate risk management, on competitive advantage and disadvantage in the Portuguese hospitality sector's cost, service, and product. We use a quantitative approach based on fuzzy...