We examine the effect of free-riding and decision bias on the dual-channel operations of a supply chain consisting of one retailer and one manufacturer, in which the manufacturer has an option to open the direct channel. Under the dual-channel scenario, we explore the role of the free-riding of...

Due to the high migration capacity in agricultural soil-crop systems, cadmium (Cd) is accumulated in various crops and severely inhibits plant growth. In this study, we showed that, under Cd stress, the plant-symbiotic fungus Metarhizium robertsii reduced Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana...

Fixed costs of ordering items or setting up a process arise in many real-life scenarios. In their presence, the most widely used ordering policy in the stochastic inventory literature is the (s, S) policy. Optimality of (s, S) policies and (s, S)-type policies have been investigated for various...

Emerging technologies such as drone delivery services enable retailers to cost-effectively offer unprecedented delivery speed and adaptable delivery lead times using dedicated aerial vehicles for individual orders. A natural and important question arises: What is the impact of a drone delivery...

We propose a price-only trade credit model in an overconfident supply chain with a price-setting newsvendor. Stackelberg equilibrium in different scenarios are derived, respectively. The retailer's pricing power prevents the manufacturer from squeezing all profit. When the manufacturer knows the...

Pull contracts are extensively studied in supply chains, but without considering barter exchange, which can help to handle the excessive inventory. We examine this gap by exploring the implications of barter exchange in a wholesale-price pull contract within the framework of a two-level supply...