This paper explores the diminishing influence of national cultural distance on two subsidiary control issues, expatriate staffing and parent company ownership level of the foreign subsidiary. Previous studies have produced conflicting findings: one stream of research argues that when cultural...

This paper examines the link between the long term orientation (LTO) dimension of national culture to transaction cost economics and relational exchange theory. Hypotheses were developed on the impact of LTO on multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing...

We examine the relationships between national ethical environment (NEE) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing and developed countries from an institutional theory perspective. Based on an NEE measure developed by Franke and Nadler (2008) and FDI data from the Ministry of Finance of...

We examine how organizational ecology and the strategic choice perspective can be combined to provide more contextualized insights into how multinational corporations (MNCs) can better counter environmental pressures with evolving subnational FDI legitimacy and improve the survival likelihood of...

We examine the link between national ethical attitude and transaction cost economics (TCE) in the context of multinational corporations' (MNCs') subsidiary ownership research. By theoretically distinguishing the TCE assumptions of opportunism and bounded rationality and by linking bounded...

This study examines age dependence in the mortality of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiaries by integrating various “theory fragments” of organizational ecology. Using a “nonmonotonic logic”, we hypothesize an inverted S-curve relationship between subsidiary age and...

This study contributes to the subsidiary control literature by empirically demonstrating the importance of FDI legitimacy in determining subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing levels. Based on organizational ecology theory (OET), our study considers the tension between legitimation and...

We examine the relationship between MNC location choice across countries and the three dimensions (internal, external and environmental) of the national corporate responsibility index (NCRI) using corporate social responsibility (CSR) and international business theories. Based on...

Adopting an organizational identity-enhanced cross-level organizational ecology theory (OET) approach, we investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) make subsidiary location decisions in response to increasing subnational FDI legitimacy in China. We suggest that the three constituent...

This paper presents and analyzes comparative data on 2,343 foreign-owned organizations operating in the transitional economies of China, Viet Nam and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Specifically, it compares the extent, sectoral distribution, characteristics and performance of...