Data depth measures the centrality of a point with respect to a given distribution or data cloud. It provides a natural center-outward ordering of multivariate data points and yields a systematic nonparametric multivariate analysis scheme. In particular, the halfspace depth is shown to have many...

US policymakers place a high priority on tying Medicare payments to the value of care delivered. A critical part of this effort is the Hospital Value-based Purchasing Program (HVBP), which rewards or penalizes hospitals based on their quality and episode-based costs of care. Within HVBP, each...

Promoting green transition in social life and consumption is an effective way to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. The current academic community has paid extensive attention to the green way of production while not paying enough attention to the green transition of...