The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Governments to contemplate measures to override patents and other intellectual property rights (IPRs) in order to facilitate production and distribution of vaccines, treatments, diagnostics and medical devices. This paper discusses whether the COVID-19 pandemic...

The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health recognized that developing countries with insufficient, or no manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical sector could face difficulties in making effective use of compulsory licensing under the TRIPS Agreement. The World Health...

This contribution will focus on the legal system of the United States and will consider the recent bias of the U.S. Congress toward according a non-self-executing character to RIMs to which the United States has become party. It will also consider the theoretical case for according a...

The WTO has just finished two and one half years of negotiations on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, with an additional tranche of negotiations scheduled to commence soon. These negotiations have been extraordinarily instructive on the subject of trade diplomacy and the means by which ends...

The wheel of the global medicines supply market is broken, but proposals for fixing it are at very early stages. The patent is an instrument designed to aggregate production capital, and for some product sectors the patent may be the best means for promoting the introduction of new products. But...

This article addresses NAFTA's environment-related dispute settlement mechanisms and how these might serve as a prototype for other regional integration efforts. The article focuses on a few critical issues with respect to NAFTA's environment-related dispute mechanisms. These are: (1) whether...

This Essay considers one aspect of the regional integration phenomenon, examining it in the specific context of its present and potential impact on regimes for the protection of the environment. This Essay will consider whether the European Community model for protection of the environment may...

This report identifies and analyses trends in the local production of medicines in developing countries and related technology transfer. The objective is to assist the World Health Organization (WHO) in its support for Member States in implementing the global strategy and plan of action on...

In the decade since the Doha Declaration was adopted, significant progress has been made in addressing problems associated with innovation and access to medicines, including through expanded financial support for procurement and distribution of treatments and vaccines and the establishment of...