Two federal judges now tell us that the federal health law's individual mandate is unconstitutional. Three others disagree, and soon we will start to hear from appellate courts. But what if we put the legal arguments aside for the moment and focus on the real question: what happens to health...

Is it morally permissible for financially privileged tourists to visit places for the purpose of experiencing where poor people live, work, and play? Tourism associated with this question is commonly referred to as 'poverty tourism.' While some poverty tourism is plausibly ethical, other...

Concerns about a dearth of antibiotic innovation have spurred calls for incentives to speed the development of new antibiotics. Our data demonstrates that many of the new molecular entity (NME) antibiotics introduced in the last 3 decades were withdrawn from the market, at more than triple the...

As resistance to antibiotics continues to grow, there is a well-recognized misalignment between the clinical need for new antibiotics and the incentives for their development. The returns from investment in antibiotics research and development (R&D) are perceived as too small. Partly as a...

Prevalent diabetes at the time of heart failure (HF) diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of death, but the incidence and prognostic importance of new-onset diabetes in patients with established HF remains unknown. Patients with a first hospitalization for HF in the period 2003–2014 were...

A number of different proposals and research and development (R&D) models for stimulating antibiotic innovation have been proposed, each differing with respect to characteristics such as the type and timing of innovation incentives and the degree of governmental public control of the market. For...

Once every five years, Congress re-authorizes funding for the FDA under PDUFA. In the current PDUFA legislation, Congress also addressed issues relating to antimicrobial resistance in the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act. This short article critiques the absence of antimicrobial...

One purpose of the individual mandate is to eliminate the market for self-insured healthcare transactions. It is well-established in this Court's precedent that the elimination of an interstate commercial market is a constitutionally legitimate end for Congress to pursue under the Commerce...

The pharmaceutical IP system works well in high-income countries able to afford government subsidies and social insurance. It does not work for the poor in low and middle-income countries. For global diseases (Types I and II), innovation is assured by high-income country markets alone,...