Information on Order Backlogs (OB) have long been sought after by analysts and practitioners as indicators of future sales, and in turn, of future earnings and stock returns. OB disclosures, though mandatory for annual reports, are voluntary for quarterly reports, and sometimes presented in...

We examine gender differences in the language of CFOs that participate in quarterly earnings calls. Female executives are more concise, less optimistic, are clearer, use fewer idioms or clichés, and provide more numbers in their speech. These differences are particularly strong in the more...

In contrast to past auditor opinions, which were largely unqualified and uniformly written, a new disclosure requirement expands auditors' opinions to include a description of Critical Audit Matters (“CAMs”) and the audit steps necessary to form an opinion about them. The expanded disclosure...

Firm disclosure of order backlog (OB) is considered important to assess future sales and profits. The extant literature on OB has generally documented positive associations between increases in OB and market returns. These associations were based on annual disclosures of backlog in 10-K filings,...

Breaking from a long stretch of using largely standard language in unqualified audit opinions, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) expanded audit reports to disclose Critical Audit Matters (CAMs) and the audit procedures used to address them. The first wave of CAM disclosures...

Trading outside the main session occurs between 4:00PM-8:00PM and 4:00AM-9:30AM and is typically dominated by institutional investors, as retail investors are discouraged to trade in the extended trading hours. This study examines whether trading in the extended hours is predictive of future...

This paper investigates earnings revisions that occur between preliminary earnings announcements and the immediate subsequent SEC filings. On average, the absolute value of the revision is 2.9% of the market value of equity where earnings were revised by more than $100,000. We find that earnings...

This study provides evidence that a significant percentage of analyst forecast revisions are issued promptly after a broad set of corporate public disclosures and that investors perceive these prompt revisions as more valuable than non-prompt revisions. These results hold for all revisions,...

The growing dominance of the core and explore model – a large passive index combined with a collection of high tracking error satellite portfolios – in conjunction with the growth of factor investing has renewed interest in how to allocate among different equity strategies. We study this...

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has mandated new disclosure requirements in Form 8-K, which became effective on August 23, 2004. The SEC expanded the list of items that have to be reported and accelerated the timeliness of these reports. This study examines the market reactions to...