The share of carbon emissions from road transport is as high as $14\%$ of global carbon emissions, and fuel vehicles account for a significant part of these emissions. Therefore, there is a long way to reduce fuel consumption in fuel vehicles. We consider the government's choice of two policies,...

This paper assumes a small- and micro-sized enterprise (SME, henceforth) invests in a project, of which the investment cost is funded by the bank-tax-guarantee (BTG, henceforth), a financial innovation instrument that combines bank-tax-interaction (BTI, henceforth) and credit guarantee (EGS,...

This paper investigates carbon reduction in a fuel automotive supply chain. It consists of a manufacturer responsible for carbon reduction and opening an online channel opportunely and a retailer who markets and sells the product through traditional offline channels. Consumers have a preference...