We study the incentives for quality provision in a farmer-owned cooperative (co-op) and an investor-owned firm (iof). The quality of the final product is a function of the quality of the inputs, which are determined by the farmers? unobservable efforts. The input qualities are unobservable at...

In combination with the data of loss-making listed companies in manufacturing industry at capital market in 2008-2010, this paper analyzed the characteristics of loss of listed companies. Major reasons include the blind investment of management personnel, low operation and management level,...

The realistic three dimensional (3D) microstructure of lithium ion battery (LIB) electrode plays a key role in studying the effects of inhomogeneous microstructures on the performance of LIBs. However, the complexity of realistic microstructures imposes a significant computational cost on...

Evaluating the economic benefits of tight oil resources is necessary for China to increase its tight oil production and reserves. This study systematically analyzes the uncertainties in tight oil development in China, the factors affecting the tight oil economy, and the coevolution of the...