Given different legal regimes which govern the global and regional trading systems, the WTO as such cannot stop the proliferation of RTAs. Nevertheless, the WTO can oversee them through its political and judicial review procedures. Notably, Article XXIV of the GATT, Article V of the GATS and the...

Indirect subsidization of domestic industries can occur where, for example, a financial contribution is provided to one entity but the associated benefit goes to another. This may materialize where (1) a financial contribution to an upstream producer results in a benefit to a downstream...

Russia spent almost two decades to complete the process of its entry into the World Trade Organization. In addition to commitments on market opening and numerous other ‘general' trade issues, it assumed specific obligations on the energy sector with respect to export duties, State-owned...

Anti-dumping is a fair trade mechanism of protecting domestic industries from certain underpriced imports. In December 2017, the European Union made a remarkable amendment to its anti-dumping legislation to shift from a long-standing practice of specific dumping calculations for a pre-defined...

GATT Article III:2 on national treatment on internal taxation is an integral part of Korea's FTAs. Therefore, GATT/WTO case law provides useful guidance on proper application of this provision in the FTA context. Article III:2 involves a multi-tiered test of several issues including likeness,...

GATT Article III: 2 on national treatment on internal taxation is an integral part of Korea's FTAs. Therefore, GATT/WTO case law provides useful guidance on proper application of this provision in the FTA context. Article III:2 involves a multi-tiered test of several issues including likeness,...

This paper examines GATT Article III :2 on national treatment on internal taxation. The fact that as of 1 January 2008, national treatment violations in the goods sector have been challenged in nearly 29% of the WTO complaints points to the great importance of the national treatment principle in...

The Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) is an international economic organization designed to effectively promote the formation of a customs union and a single economic space among six CIS countries : Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Moldova, Ukraine, and...

In the full recognition of seriousness of climate change problems, Korea an-nounced a new policy towards greening its economy. In his address marking the 60th anniversary of Korea’s foundation in 2008, President Lee Myung-bak declared ‘Low Carbon Green Growth’ as the country’s new vision...