A dumping investigation involves comparing export prices with a “normal value” loosely defined as the price in the exporter’s domestic market observed in the course of normal trade. However, domestic sales with prices below production costs are excluded from the computation of a normal...

Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) regulation has been applied in the United States meat sector since October 2008. The industry must label beef, lamb and pork (ground meat and muscle cuts) sold through retail outlets according to its country of origin. The labelling requirements create...

The discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Alberta and the subsequent U.S. border closure raised concerns about the reliance of Canada’s cattle industry upon U.S. packers. It became clear that Canada lacked the slaughter capacity to support the number of cattle going to market....

Sanitary and phytosanitary regulations, import quotas, government farm policies, and other trade restrictions are analyzed with regard to their effects on agricultural commodity trade. Veterinary Standards as Barriers to Trade: The Case of Poultry Trade Between the U.S. and the EU, Tian Xia and...

This document is the technical annex to the full paper 'European Union Grain Export Practices: Do They Constitute a State Trading Enterprise" which is available separately.

In terms of the global situation, trade is biofuels is small relative to world-wide production; however, given ambitious consumption mandates in many developed countries as well as increasing energy consumption, this will not likely remain the case in the long-run. Although biodiesel has been...