Typically, a two-stage production process assumes that the first stage transforms external inputs to a number of intermediate measures, which then are used as inputs to the second stage that produces the final outputs. The three fundamental approaches to efficiency assessment in the context of...

Typically, a two-stage production process assumes that the first stage transforms external inputs to a number of intermediate measures, which then are used as inputs to the second stage that produces the final outputs. The three fundamental approaches to efficiency assessment in the context of...

Network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is an extension of standard data envelopmentanalysis (DEA) that models the efficiency assessment of DMUs by considering their internalstructure. While in standard DEA the DMU is regarded as a single process, in NDEA the DMUis viewed as a network of...