Factors shaping international migration, over the last half century, from and into the countries and territories of sub-Saharan and North Africa, as well as the economic and some social implications of those movements, are examined. Existing analyses of these issues are critically reviewed,...

Recent research suggests that the welfare gains that would result from removing restrictions on international migration are large. The long-run impact of a higher level of international migration on the global economy is potentially even larger if it triggers an increase in the global growth...

This chapter discusses the research in economics on refugees and asylum seekers. Section 1 describes the trends in asylum seeking by source and host country. Section 2 presents a conceptual framework on why refugees might differ from other types of immigrants, and provides a new analysis...

There is increasing evidence that international migration is characterized by frequent return and onward migration. This has important consequences for the contribution of immigrants to the economy of the host country. Lack of longitudinal data has prevented much analysis of how frequently...

This chapter summarizes the main trends, policies, and empirical evidence regarding immigration in Europe. We start by providing descriptive evidence on long-term immigration trends and current characteristics of the immigrant populations in various important European destination countries and...

Three decades ago, most immigrants to Australia with work entitlements came as permanent settlers. Today the annual allocation of temporary visas, with work entitlements, outnumbers permanent settler visas by a ratio of three to one. The new environment, with so many temporary visa holders, has...

Israel perceives the immigration of Jews as one of its major goals and thus it applies no selection rules towards them. Jewish immigration to Israel hailed from Arab countries as well as European countries. While immigration has shaped the rate of growth of Israel's Jewish population it has also...

This chapter offers an overview of migration and remittance flows with respect to the Latin American and Caribbean region from the colonial period to the present. Themes that cross history are highlighted as are the reversals of trends. Emphasis is given to south–south migration, to the...

The economics literature on the international migration of skilled workers is reviewed and recent policy trends are evaluated. The theoretical implications of skilled migration are discussed within the context of the benefits to the skilled immigrant, the sending country, and the receiving...

Seasonal adjustment removes the predictable seasonal variation in GDP. If there is seasonal variation in factor inputs, then seasonal adjustment factors may be correlated with those inputs. This correlation can obscure statistically the importance of those inputs for GDP. This effect is apparent...