The focus of trade policy has shifted in recent years from economy-wide reductions in tariffs and trade restrictions … towards targeted interventions to facilitate trade and promote exports. Most of these latter interventions are based on the … new mantra of "aid-for-trade" rather than on hard evidence on what works and what doesn’t. On the one hand, rigorous …

The negotiations on trade in services at the WTO have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels unilaterally …

This paper provides a simply theory to explain the impact of sanctions on a regime's policies and behavior. Sanctions … discontent in the population. We show however that sanctions may give legitimacy to an incumbent government by influencing the … state of nature sanctions build resilience as long as religious ideology among the population is strong, at bad times they …

ensures that the costs of trade diversion for the QUAD and other developing countries are negligible. …

examined in the presence of costly technology transfer. The trade-off between technology transfer and market competition …

This paper discusses what could be done to expand services trade and investment through a multilateral agreement in the … the provision of development assistance (‘aid for trade’) to bolster regulatory capacity and enforcement could enhance the …

Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and blessed by multilateral trade rules. Using … agreements increase the trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Harmonization of …. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which …