have argued that trade makes war less likely, yet World War I erupted at a time of unprecedented globalization. This paper … develops a theoretical model of the relationship between trade and war which can help to explain both these observations …

have argued that trade makes war less likely, yet World War I erupted at a time of unprecedented globalization. This paper … develops a theoretical model of the relationship between trade and war which can help to explain both these observations …

1697 goods originating in 112 countries, to analyze the impact on Canadian imports of interwar Canadian trade policy …, including the 1932 Ottawa trade agreements. Rather than use a dummy variable approach, we compute the impact of individual … tariffs which varied substantially across goods, trade partners, and time. We develop a novel method of controlling for …

, they cannot explain the post-1929 increase in trade costs. Protectionism seems the most likely alternative candidate. …

Many previous studies of the role of trade during the British Industrial Revolution have found little or no role for … trade in explaining British living standards or growth rates. We construct a three-region model of the world in which … that while trade had only a small impact on British welfare in the 1760s, it had a very large impact in the 1850s. This …

supply side at center stage, affording little or no role for demand or overseas trade. Recently, alternative explanations … have placed an emphasis on the importance of trade with New World colonies, and the expanded supply of raw cotton it … for 1760 and 1850. Neither claim is supported. Trade was vital for the progress of the industrial revolution; but it was …

This paper provides a simply theory to explain the impact of sanctions on a regime's policies and behavior. Sanctions … discontent in the population. We show however that sanctions may give legitimacy to an incumbent government by influencing the … state of nature sanctions build resilience as long as religious ideology among the population is strong, at bad times they …

(financial crises and regional wars) have had relatively little effect on trade policy, but that shifts pose a greater challenge … to the system of open, multilateral trade. …