The Late Middle Ages (c.1300–c.1500) saw the development of many of the key economic institutions of the modern unitary nation-state in Europe. After the "commercial revolution" of the thirteenth century, taxes on trade became increasingly significant contributors to government finances, and...

1. Introduction and overview -- 2. The concept of exchange configuration -- 3. Terms and concepts for an analysis of exchange -- 4. Elements of exchange -- 5. A typology of exchange configurations -- 6. Systems of exchange in different phases of development -- 7. The dynamic forces in exchange...

The book provides a detailed analysis of the nature and determinants of finance and trade and their relationship with Africa’s competitiveness. Investment is examined in its various forms (financial vs. physical), and sources (private, public, domestic and FDI), as well as its relation to the...