The rapid changes in electoral systems and party systems in Britain since 1997 pose fundamental problems of explanation both for electoral system analysts and for students of British politics. We first describe the main types of electoral system change introduced and show how the new systems...

Starting from Walzer's account of `complex equality', an integrated treatment is given of three fundamental decision principles - equality of supply, proportional equality and equality of deficits - which between them exhaust all applications of `equality' considerations in policy analysis. They...

Productivity is essentially the ratio of an organization's outputs divided by its inputs. For many years it was treated as always being static in government agencies. In fact productivity in government services should be rising rapidly as a result of digital changes and new management...