We find that, at low levels of insider ownership, the market's reaction to dividend increases becomes less positive, and to dividend decreases becomes less negative, as insider ownership increases. The price reaction is larger when insiders control voting on shares they do not own and lower if a...

While the bulk of the research on the financial performance of mergers and acquisitions has focused on stock returns around the merger announcement, a surprisingly, large set of papers has also examined long-run stock returns following acquisitions. We review this literature, concluding that...

Extant literature identifies board composition and the market for takeovers as two important measures for controlling the agency problem associated with top management. This study tests the substitution hypothesis that outside directors on the board and the effectiveness of takeover markets are...

In this paper, we present a model to determine the interest cost of high‐yield (HY) bond financing. We first denmonstrate that, with a relatively high coupon rate, HY bonds have a significantly higher call risk than investment‐grade bonds, and the effective life of the bond is closer to the...