In Australia, poverty is usually measured in two different ways; first according to the number of people who have incomes below a poverty line and, second, by the number who are in poverty after they have paid for their housing. This note calculates both measures for 1981/82 and analyses the...

type="main" <p>Retirement policies often seek to set pensions at levels that enable single and married pensioners to have the same standard of living. The existing literature on consumer equivalence scales provides little assistance in reaching this policy objective, as the estimated scales are...</p>

Conventional consumer equivalence scales measure the cost of children (and other household living arrangements) but not their benefits. Since many people choose to have children, these costs must be outweighed by other benefits. This paper considers these issues of demographic choice and...