This paper examines the long-standing theory that the growth of small firms is often constrained by the quantity of internal finance. Under plausible assumptions, when financing constraints are binding, an additional dollar of internal finance should generate slightly more than an additional...

A recent paper in this Journal by Kaplan and Zingales reexamines a subset of firms from work of Fazzari, Hubbard, and Petersen and criticizes the usefulness of investment-cash flow sensitivities for detecting financing constraints. We show that the Kaplan and Zingales theoretical model fails to...

This article tests the efficacy of four formulas for specifying regulated utility rates. All exhibit "intertemporal bias" in that rates are disproportionately and seriously shifted forward upon current consumers ("front-end loading"), although the ICC and Consent Decree formulas yield rates less...