The telecommunications infrastructure of the U.S. is becoming an increasingly important component of the economy. In many industries, fast and efficient telecommunications is essential for survival in a competitive environment. The relation between telecommunications and economic development is...

In the late 1970s, state governments began adopting "high-tech" policies designed to promote economic development through support of research and technological innovation. This paper first examines the trend of increased activism of state government and the historical precedent of state action...

Purpose: This paper analyses the effectiveness of UEFA's Financial Fair Play (FFP) under the break-even requirement. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from English and French football clubs competing in the English Premier League (EPL) and in Ligue 1 (L1) for the financial years...

Purpose: In order to secure a proper execution of sporting competitions, national governing bodies of professional football leagues apply specific regulatory procedures. In this context, special focus is placed on requirements that are supposed to ensure financial stability of clubs. They, in...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine competitive balance in European football leagues before and after the inception of Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations by Union of European Football Associations in 2011, designed to bring about financial stability and improve competitive...