Comparing the safety of prescription drugs over time is difficult due to the paucity of reliable quantitative measures of drug safety. Both the academic literature and popular press have focused on drug withdrawals as a proxy for breakdowns in the drug safety system. This metric, however, is...

Developing countries can participate in the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions by adopting national emissions limits. Such limits could offer economic gains to developing countries, cost savings to industrialized countries, and environmental benefits. They could also address...

Recent literature on greenhouse gas controls shows the costs of climate protection can be offset by the ancillary benefits generated from lower local air pollution. We show here that such ancillary benefits imply the unfettered price of carbon emissions permits observed in tradable permit...