We used Engle–Granger cointegration test to investigate and compare the long-run performance of imports and exports in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Korea and Thailand. Graphical analysis demonstrates an inherent tendency of imports and exports to move together in the long run. Cointegration and...

The empirical evidence indicates that the overall macro impact of the adjustment programme was not adverse. Investment, government expenditure, absorption exports, imports, terms of trade and money supply had a significant deviation during the years 1991-2004. Exchange rate has been depreciating...

This paper investigates the direction of causation between GDP representing economic growth, exports and its different categories, imports and world income. After experiencing vigorous import-substitution in the past decades, Pakistan adopted an outward-looking strategy in the late 1980s with an...

Countries hold foreign currency reserves to support and influence exchange rate. This paper examines the causal relationship between exchange rate and reserves in six Asian countries. We obtain divergent evidence regarding the long-run and stable relationship between reserves and exchange rate...