Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to solving the complexity problem as increased complexity is a main reason why projects fail to reach their goals, and it is unclear what complexity is. Design/methodology/approach: Conceptual development integrating theories of materiality,...

We consider a Lévy process reflected in barriers at 0 and K  0. The loss rate is the mean of the local time at K at time 1 when the process is started in stationarity, and is a natural continuous-time analogue of the stationary expected loss rate for a reflected random walk. We derive...

We consider a Lévy process reflected in barriers at 0 and K  0. The loss rate is the mean of the local time at K at time 1 when the process is started in stationarity, and is a natural continuous-time analogue of the stationary expected loss rate for a reflected random walk. We derive...

Discounted cash flow analysis is the most common method for valuing projects in a company, but an increasing number of practitioners are now using options methodology to get a truer picture of the real value of a project. This article covers the discounted cash flow methodology, and how this...