Agricultural markets have entered a long-term process of liberalization, with the aim of reducing imposed market imperfections such as monopolistic public trade, entry barriers and subsidies. The experience of more than a decade of agriculture liberalization offers a good opportunity to review...

The transition in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), bringing in its wake improved trade relations with the European Union (EU), has raised considerable concern in less developed countries (LDCs). Although there has been some discussion of the possible implications of this new EU...

1. Introduction -- 1.1. Scope and purpose of the study -- 1.2. Outline of the contents -- 1.3. A reader’s guide -- 2. Planning in Developing Countries -- 2.1. Simplifying the planning process: planning in stages -- 2.2. Saving, income distribution and project choice -- 2.3. Optimal policies,...

The Post-Uruguay Round era has seen a proliferation of regional preferential trade agreements (PTAs), as well as progressive multilateral trade liberalization initiatives. This has stimulated theoretical discussion on whether the policy of pursuing PTAs will have a malign or a benign impact on...

Many countries worldwide have committed themselves to reducing the rate in which they emit greenhouse gasses. These emissions are the major driver behind human induced global warming. Renewable electricity implementation is one way of reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. However,...

To limit or, even better, reduce the emission of CO2 and the corresponding global warming effects, measures should be taken in the two most polluting economic sectors: the energy and transport sectors. The Netherlands has set goals to reduce CO2 emissions, in line with global and European...