Traditionally, it has been thought that a product life cycle is as irreversible as a biological life cycle. That is, a product inevitably moves from birth to adolescence, maturity, and death. Now there is mounting evidence that a turnabout in management thinking is under way. The new thinking is...

A multiplicity of techniques must be used in systems analysis in order to answer the variety of questions that arise in research on management systems. A research organization devoted to solving management science problems will inevitably use mixtures of these techniques. The purpose of this...