This paper studies endogenous world balanced-growth equilibria in which national learning productivity differentials govern relative per capita products. Learning productivities depend on the national share of world specialized-goods production, national and world scale, and familiarity with the...

Long-term economic development involves four fundamental processes: the exploitation of increasing returns to specialization, the transition from household to market production, knowledge and human-capital accumulation, and industrialization. This paper integrates these processes into a coherent...

In corporate form, the constituting feature of the modern corporation, a top management monopolizing capitalist functions per se controls through financial and policy mechanisms a middle element of supervisors, engineers and other technicians and professionals who in turn control by...