the same time, the paper is going to divided the pesticides into highly toxic and low toxic pesticides and estimate their … households, the authors gave a comprehensive physical examination and a blood examination to farmers who applied pesticides most … frequently in each household. Findings – This paper indicates that farmers who spray more pesticides are more likely to have …

Application of pesticides may have serious adverse consequences in environment. Birds are one of the most important non …-target species that are harmed by agricultural chemical pesticides. In the current study, Monte Carlo optimization based Quantitative … Structure Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) analyses were performed on a dataset containing diverse chemical pesticides with toxicity …

Purpose – Farmers' exposure to pesticides is high in developing countries. As a result many farmers suffer from ill … related to high incidence of ill health among farmers using pesticides. Originality/value – The results of this study are … high levels of direct exposure to pesticides among farmers and farm workers using hand sprayers. Farmers' exposure to …

is advantageous because it reduces costs, for example, of pesticides, and increases income, and the indications are that …

Pesticides are widely used by crop producers in developed countries to combat risk associated with pests and diseases … performance of arable farms, incorporating pesticides’ environmental spillovers and output variance as undesirable outputs in the … efficiency analysis and taking explicitly into account the effect of pesticides and other inputs on production risk. The …

pesticide use than other inputs. Also, results suggest that pesticides, land and fertilizers are overused. …