The Biofuels Directive places an onus on EU member states to ensure that biofuels are placed on their markets. This paper investigates the use of CH4-enriched biogas as a fuel. A number of options, which produce CH4-enriched biogas, were analysed from technical, economic and environmental...

The Biofuels Directive places an onus on EU member states to ensure biofuels are available on their markets. This paper investigates the use of ethanol derived from biomass type 1 (residues and wastes) and biomass type 2 (energy crops). The technology involved in generating ethanol from energy...

Contents: Foreword -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Value based demarcation between the public and the private domain / Klaas van Egmond -- Part I: Traditional core tasks of the state: security -- 3. The fight against money laundering: a public task? / Joras Ferwerda -- 4. Natural disasters and (future)...