It is widely acknowledged that firms performing R&D investments are very likely to undergo financial constraints due to their specific characteristics, which make external debt an imperfect substitute for internal finance, especially for small sized enterprises (Carpenter and Petersen, 2002; Hall,...

It is well known that not all innovations are patented, but the exact volume of innovative activities undertaken outside the coverage of patent protection and, relatedly, the actual propensity to patent an innovation in different contexts remain, to a major degree, a matter of speculation. This...

This paper examines the relationship between Schumpeterian patterns of innovation and the generation of breakthrough inventions. Our data source for breakthrough inventions is the “R&D 100 awards” competition organized each year by the magazine Research & Development. Since 1963, this...

This wide-ranging Handbook is the first major compilation of the theoretical and empirical research that is forging the new and exciting paradigm of evolutionary economic geography.

type="main" xml:id="ecin12080-abs-0001" We study the effects of credit rationing on research and development (R&D) investment using survey and accounting data on a large representative sample of manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our econometric model accounts for the...