Purpose – The aim of this paper is to propose and analyse policies capable of generating left‐skewed pension distributions. Such policies can deliver large pension values with high probability and hence are of interest to practical fund managers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper...

Consider a country with two regions that have developed differently so that their current levels of energy efficiency differ. Each region's production involves the emission of pollutants, on which a regulator might impose restrictions. The restrictions can be related to pollution standards that...