China has been stockpiling international reserves at an extremely rapid pace since the late 1990s and has surpassed Japan to become the largest reserve holder in the world. This paper undertakes an empirical investigation to assess the extent of de facto sterilization and capital mobility using...

This paper is interested in the nexus between external debt and export competiveness. Specifically, while we find that once external debt exceeds a certain threshold it is negatively associated with export growth, we are interested in determining whether the tipping points vary based on country...

The real exchange rate is one of the most important price variables in macroeconomics as changes in it have implications for both external competitiveness as well as internal sectoral resource allocation. This paper decomposes real exchange rate volatility into its two components for a panel of...