In a North-South vertically differentiated duopoly, the analysis in this paper derives equilibrium government policies towards parallel imports. By incorporating strategic interaction at the policy-setting stage and the product market, the model sheds new light on (i) the effects of parallel...

Mixed convection in closed cavities are important for various processing industries especially those associated with conservation of energy. Finite element based simulations are carried out for two cases based on the motion of the horizontal wall(s) (cases 1a–1d) or vertical wall(s) (cases...

A comprehensive understanding of energy flow and entropy generation is needed for an optimal process design via reducing irreversibilities in terms of ‘entropy generation’. In this study, analysis on entropy generation during natural convection in a trapezoidal cavity with various...