This paper identifies the information that economic evaluation should provide to adequately inform policy-makers. First, policy-makers need cost-effectiveness information that is both internally and externally valid. The latter aspect is often ignored and refers to the relevance of the results...

<Emphasis Type="Bold">Background: When national pharmacoeconomic guidelines are compared, different recommendations are identified on how to identify, measure and value lost productivity, leading to difficulties when comparing lost productivity estimates across countries. From a transferability point of view, the...</emphasis>

Objective To estimate the costs and effects of alternative strategies for annual screening of school children for refractive errors, and the provision of spectacles, in different WHO sub-regions in Africa, Asia, America and Europe.Methods We developed a mathematical simulation model for...

Background: Many criteria have been proposed to guide priority setting in health, but their relative importance has not yet been determined in a way that allows a rank ordering of interventions.<P>Methods: In an explorative study, a discrete choice experiment was carried out to determine the...</p>

Recent studies such as the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health have highlighted the need for expanding the coverage of services for HIV|AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, immunisations and other diseases. In order for policy makers to plan for these changes, they need to analyse the change in...