We ask whether natural selection has shaped three biologically important features of 15 signal transduction networks and two genome-scale transcriptional regulation networks. These features are regulatory cycles, the lengths of the longest pathways through a network — a measure of network...

In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of a gamma type Stirling engine is performed by using a quasi steady flow model based on Urieli and Berchowitz's works. The Stirling engine analysis is performed for five principal fields: compression room, expansion room, cooler, heater and regenerator....

A detailed analysis of the heating and cooling performance of environmental heat sources and sinks is presented for 12 low-energy buildings in Germany. In particular, the analysis focuses on the given temperature levels and the efficiency performance of the environmental heat sources and sinks...

A precise workload analysis is the key to success. The Heidelberg New Working Time Model provides a legal model, which, by avoiding rotating work shifts, assures quality of patient care and surgical training. </AbstractSection> Copyright Schimmack et al.; licensee Springer. 2014

We characterize the distributions of short cycles in a large metabolic network previously shown to have small world characteristics and a power law degree distribution. Compared with three classes of random networks, including Erdős–Rényi random graphs and synthetic small world networks of...

Background: The introduction of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) has greatly reduced training hours of surgical residents, which translates into 30% less surgical and clinical experience. Such a dramatic drop in attendance has serious implications such compromised quality of medical...