This study compares bid-ask spreads for equity options in two market structures: the American Stock Exchange specialist structure and the Chicago Board Options Exchange competitive market maker structure. When trading volume is low, the specialist structure is associated with significantly...

Using a large sample of option granting firms, some of which were investigated for option grant backdating, we develop a predictive model for such investigations and examine how the capital market responded as the backdating scandal unfolded. Firms that were investigated experienced significant...

AbstractThe following sections are included:Executive SummaryProposalWhy Restricting Activities Is the SolutionEvolution of Current Financial StructureRegulationIncreased CompetitionShadow BankingExpansion of Bank ActivitiesImplications for Financial Structure, Stability, and RiskChanges in...