In a recent study, Ohira and Sawatari presented a simple model of computer network traffic dynamics. These authors showed that a phase transition point is present separating the low-traffic phase with no congestion from the congestion phase as the packet creation rate increases. We further...

In a recent paper, we analysed the dynamics of traffic flow in a simple, square lattice architecture. It was shown that a phase transition takes place between a free and a congested phase. The transition point was shown to exhibit optimal information transfer and wide fluctuations in time, with...

Language development in children provides a window to understand the transition from protolanguage to language. Here we present the first analysis of the emergence of syntax in terms of complex networks. A previously unreported, sharp transition is shown to occur around two years of age from a...

Transport networks are a key component of human and natural societies that enable efficient communication at a low cost. Here, we study the topological efficiency of the three-dimensional networks of galleries in termite nests and how spatial constraints affect the organisation of these...

This Element develops an innovative combinatorial model of technological change and tests it with 2,000 years of data from global GDP data and US patents, thus generating the observed historical pattern of technological change. This Element models the Industrial Revolution as a combinatorial...

A new model ecosystem of many interacting species is introduced in which the species are connected through a random matrix with a given connectivity. The model is studied both analytically and by numerical simulations. A probability distribution derived from the model is in good agreement with...

A model of biological morphogenesis is presented. The model is based on a gene network cell description and the interaction among the nearest cells. Here interactions between cells are due to diffusion-like mechanisms and also due to inductive, cell-to-cell interactions. An extensive analysis...

The next step in the understanding of the genome organization, after the determination of complete sequences, involves proteomics. The proteome includes the whole set of protein-protein interactions, and two recent independent studies have shown that its topology displays a number of surprising...

Random-text models have been proposed as an explanation for the power law relationship between word frequency and rank, the so-called Zipf's law. They are generally regarded as null hypotheses rather than models in the strict sense. In this context, recent theories of language emergence and...

A new order parameter approximation to random boolean networks (RBN) is introduced, based on the concept of Boolean derivative. A statistical argument involving an annealed approximation is used, allowing to measure the order parameter in terms of the statistical properties of a random matrix....