Long historical series of farmland prices and rents are rare, especially for the pre-industrial era. This article makes two contributions: (1) series of land prices and rents are presented for a peripheral economy of the time, East Sweden, in the period 1274-1649. Phases of decline and growth...

A customer market model in which firms and customers form long-term relations is developed and integrated into the canonical New Keynesian framework. This leads to two important differences compared to the standard model. First, the purely forward-looking Phillips curve is replaced by a hybrid...

The heat waves of 2003 in Western Europe and 2010 in Russia, commonly labelled as rare climatic anomalies outside of previous experience, are often taken as harbingers of more frequent extremes in the global warming-influenced future. However, a recent reconstruction of spring–summer...

This paper compares grain prices between Cairo and Europe during medieval times. Prices were higher and more volatile in Cairo than in Europe. Over time, price levels declined in large parts of Europe but not in Cairo. No price integration can be seen between the European Mediterranean region...