This paper proposes a bivariate continuous model based on normal–half normal distributions for testing the independence of idiosyncratic and inefficiency terms in the stochastic frontier model in a maximum likelihood framework. This model allows us to construct a closed-form of the marginal...

Taking into account that the BDS test—which is used as a misspecification test applied to standardized residuals from the GARCH(1,1) model—is characterized by size distortion and departure from normality in finite samples, this paper obtains the critical values for the finite sample...