While there is now considerable evidence that the neighbourhood income levels (poverty/affluence) exert an independent effect on health, there is little evidence that neighbourhood income inequality is consequential, net of individual-level socio-economic resources. We show that the usual...

This paper assesses the role played by changes in economic growth, employment earnings, and government transfers in the patterns of low-income intensity in Canada during the 1980s and the 1990s. We find that lowincome intensity was higher in most provinces during the 1990s than during the 1980s...

Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Despite declining real earnings among young adults, there has been no secular rise in child poverty. We show that the relative stability in child poverty is a result of two factors. First, the decline in market income in young families with children...

Using a longitudinal database and fixed-effects models, we assess the effect of the death of a spouse and divorce after age 55 on income replacement rates during the retirement years. We find that among women, separation/divorce has a larger negative effect than widowhood. The effect of...

Higher-income neighbourhoods in Canada’s eight largest cities flourished economically during the past quarter-century, while lower-income communities stagnated. This paper identifies some of the underlying processes that led to this outcome. Increasing family income inequality drove much of...

The annual level of immigration is a critical component of a country's immigration policy. This study considers the potential influence of immigration levels on immigrant entry earnings. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database over the 1982-2010 period, this study finds that a 10 percent...

This paper compares changes in relative wages of university educated new immigrant workers in Canada and the United States over the period 1980-2005 and finds that outcomes were generally superior in the United States. Wages of university educated new immigrants declined relative to domestic...