The purpose of this paper is to reveal the relation between commutability of life annuities and retirees’ willingness to annuitize. To this end, we assume the existence of commutable life annuities, whose surrender charge is a proportion of their actuarial value. We model a retiree as a...

We find the minimum probability of lifetime ruin of an investor who can invest in a market with a risky and a riskless asset and who can purchase a commutable life annuity. The surrender charge of a life annuity is a proportion of its value. Ruin occurs when the total of the value of the risky...

Purpose – Based on self‐determination theory and social identity theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of social identity in buffering the effect of working pressure on the identified motivation (a kind of self‐determined motivation). Design/methodology/approach –...

In this paper, an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) distance measure between two triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs) is developed. The metric properties of the proposed IF distance measure are also studied. Then, based on this IF distance, an extended TOPSIS is developed to solve...

This article proposes a framework which presents a general overview of the key components within school scenario in relation to going green. Three important human factors are covered by the framework. They are school leaders, teachers, and students. Each of the groups contributes to implementing...