[eng] Foreign Penetration of the French Market : Twenty Years Plus One - Since the middle of 1978, the proportion of imports in the supply of industrial products has increased considerably. Can this trend be analyzed on the basis of the customary determinants of the sharing of the domestic...

[spa] Por que las tasas reales de interés permanecen elevadas? - La economía mundial enfrenta la nueva decada con tasas reaies de interés que se hallan en niveles históricamente elevados. Si bien los ahorristas se alegran de tal situación, a termino se pueden temer efectos depresivos en la...

[fre] Substitution et coût des facteurs : un lien existe-t-il ? par Patrick ARTUS et Claude BISMUT La substitution du capital au travail peut s'analyser à partir des outils théoriques que constituent la fonction de production et l'hypothèse de la recherche d'un optimum de la part des...

Informal credit and foreign currency markets are a widespread phenomenon in developing countries. This paper begins by reviewing the scope and nature of these markets, and the channels through which they operate. It then examines their implications for macroeconomic management, particularly in...

This paper examines whether output contractions associated with downturns and crises have an asymmetric effect on poverty. Several potential sources of asymmetry are identified first. A vector auto-regression model (involving the output gap, unemployment, real wages, and the poverty rate) is...