The conditional likelihood approach is a sensible choice for a hierarchical logistic regression model or other generalized regression models with binary data. However, its heavy computational burden limits its use, especially for the related mixed-effects model. A modified profile likelihood is...

Many volatility models used in financial research belong to a class of hierarchical generalized linear models with random effects in the dispersion. Therefore, the hierarchical-likelihood (h-likelihood) approach can be used. However, the dimension of the Hessian matrix is often large, so...

The variance of the maximum penalized likelihood estimate obtained through the EM algorithm has not been explored in detail. We provide a simple and intuitive new representation for the variance that can be computed from the EM algorithm directly. For pedagogical purposes, we illustrate the new...

In a 2-dimensional space, Fréchet–Hoeffding upper and lower bounds define comonotonicity and countermonotonicity, respectively. Similarly, in the multidimensional case, comonotonicity can be defined using the Fréchet–Hoeffding upper bound. However, since the multidimensional...

Photovoltaic (PV) module emulators, which can provide reproducible and controllable input power profile for a load device corresponding to different ambient conditions for a PV module, can significantly reduce the level of effort and cost for the development and optimization of the PV module,...