This paper examines pricing policy, quality levels, consumer surplus and social welfare for the monopoly and non-monopoly case. It is shown that given certain realistic assumptions, the network industry under unregulated monopoly would yield more social welfare than in the case of several...

A fixed price policy regardless of expiration date may result in unsold inventory and sales loss. Price reduction over time as the expiration date approaches motivates customers to purchase all items, including the ones that are left with only a short interval until their expiration. We conduct...

Maintaining moderate level of income inequality is required for the sake of sustainable economic growth. The question that needs to be addressed is how to accurately measure income inequality. We modify the traditional Gini coefficient by using purchasing power parity (PPP). Usually, the PPP...

The paper analyses the options open to monopoly firms that sell software or internet service. We consider customers who have different reservation prices that are rectangularly distributed. The monopoly in general undertakes sustainable price discrimination between customers by producing two...