Purpose: Transformative marketing provides a way to encourage positive behaviors. This approach can be applied to community intervention organizations, such as the Special Olympics. Such organizations bring services to provide activity, healthy eating, proper healthcare and caretaker education....

Purpose – As a fixture in the mainstream media landscape, athletes, coaches, and sport celebrities are regularly used to promote products from sports equipment to high‐end watches. With an intrinsic connection between athlete endorsers and sport‐related products, it is the use of these...

Team identification has been shown to predict cognitive, affective, conative, and behavioural dimensions of sport spectatorship. Recently, the Point of Attachment Index was introduced as a comprehensive measure of a sport fan's different points of attachment within sport. The PAI, as studied...

Although professional golf has emerged as a leading spectator sport during the 20th century, there has been little research examining the consumption behaviour of those who attend tournaments across the three professional tours in North America. The purpose of this study was to examine whether...

Volunteers are a major labor source in sports; however, the impact of volunteers on organizational image or on customers' repatronage intentions has not been studied. An experimental study (2 x 3 factorial design) was employed to explore the effect of Employment Status of the service...

Most professional sports engage in pre-season training and competition, and many international events are preceded by periods of pre-event training and competition. There is often a fan market for such training and competition. Market interest in pre-season training and competition is studied...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test Oliver’s two-dimension (fortitude and community/social support) product loyalty framework. Design/methodology/approach – Oliver categorized each of the two dimensions into high and low, creating a two-by-two framework: low fortitude and...

Sports management and marketing research has failed to study the dimensions of Latino sports consumption behaviour and fan identification. This research examined the relationships among ethnic identity, acculturation, identification with sport in general, and identification with specific sports...